What is Tramadol?

Tramadol
Generic Medication Name: Tramadol
Brand Medication Name: Ultram ER, Ultram

Ultram / Tramadol is an opioid which acts as a centrally acting analgesic, used for treating moderate to severe pain. Tramadol is a synthetic agent, as a 4-phenyl-piperidine analogue of codeine. It appears to have actions on the GABAergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic systems.

Tramadol was created by German pharmaceutical company Grünenthal GmbH in the late 1970s and sold under the trade name Tramal. Grünenthal has also cross licensed the medication to many other pharmaceutical firms that market it under various names.

Tramadol is most commonly marketed as the hydrochloride salt (tramadol hydrochloride) and it is available in both oral and injectable forms. Tramadol is also available in conjunction with paracetamol (acetaminophen).

Tramadol doses range from 50–400 mg daily, exceeding up to 600 mg daily when given IV/IM. The Tramadol formulation containing APAP contains 37.5 mg of Tramadol and 325 mg of paracetamol, intended for oral ingestion with a typical dosing recommendation of one or two pills every four to six hours.

Unlike most opioids, Tramadol is not considered a controlled substance in most countries (the US and Australia, among others), and is available with a normal prescription. Tramadol is available over the counter without prescription in some countries. As of 2008 Sweden has chosen to classify Tramadol as a controlled substance in the same way as dextropropoxyphene and codeine. This means that Tramadol is a scheduled drug but that the chemical makeup is not.

Grünenthal, which still owns the patent to Tramadol, has licensed the patent to pharmaceutical companies around the world. Therefore, Tramadol is is currently being marketed under many names around the world, including:

Adolan
Adolonta
Anadol
Boldol Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Calmador (Argentina)
Contramal
Crispin
Campex (Pakistan)
Dolol (Denmark)
Dromadol (UK)
Exopen (South Korea)
Ixprim (France)
Lumidol
Mandolgin ( Denmark)
Mandolgine
Mosepan
Nobligan
Poltram
Ralivia (Canada)
Sintradon
Siverol (Philippines)
Tandol (South Korea)
Tiparol
Toplagic
Tradol
Tradolan
Tradolan (Sweden)
Tradonal (Philippines)
TralgitTralodie (Italy)
Tramacet (Costa Rica)
Tramal Gotas (Ecuador)Tramacip
Tramadex (Israel)
Tramake Insts (United Kingdom)
Tramadin
Tramadol STADA (Sweden)
Tramadolor
Tramal (the Netherlands, Finland, Slovenia, Chile, Romania, Australia, New Zealand and Switzerland)
Tramalgic (Hungary)
Tramahexal
Tramacet (combined with paracetamol)
Tramazac (India)
Trama-KlosidolTramedo
Tridol (South Korea)
Trodon (Serbia)
Ultracet (combined with paracetamol)
Ultram and Ultram ER (USA)
Veldrol (Mexico)
Zaldiar (combined with paracetamol, in Russia)
Zaledor (Chile)
Zamadol (UK)
Zamudol
Zodol (Ecuador)
Zydol (UK and Australia)
Zytram
Zytrim (Spain)

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